Overview
Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne viral infection caused by the dengue virus (DENV), which has four different serotypes (DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, and DENV-4). It is transmitted primarily by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. The disease is prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions, including parts of the United States, Latin America, Southeast Asia, and Africa.
Key Facts About Dengue Fever
- Transmission: Spread through bites from infected mosquitoes.
- Symptoms: High fever, severe headaches, joint and muscle pain, skin rash, and in severe cases, internal bleeding (dengue hemorrhagic fever).
- Diagnosis: Blood tests detecting dengue virus or antibodies.
- Treatment: No specific antiviral treatment; supportive care includes hydration, pain relief, and monitoring for complications.
- Prevention: Mosquito control, use of repellents, and vaccination in high-risk areas.
Latest Developments in Dengue Fever (2025)
1. Rising Dengue Cases in the U.S. and Globally
- The CDC and WHO report a significant increase in dengue cases in Florida, Texas, and Puerto Rico, likely due to climate change and increased mosquito activity.
- In 2024, over 5.2 million cases were recorded worldwide, with outbreaks reported in Brazil, India, and the Philippines.
2. Dengue Vaccine Expansion
- The Dengvaxia vaccine is approved for individuals aged 9-45 with prior dengue exposure in some regions.
- A new dengue vaccine, Qdenga (TAK-003), developed by Takeda Pharmaceuticals, received approval in Europe and some Asian countries and is being evaluated in the U.S.
3. New Mosquito Control Measures
- The EPA has approved genetically modified mosquitoes to help reduce Aedes aegypti populations in parts of Florida and California.
- Sterile insect techniques (SIT) and biological control methods using Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes are being expanded to limit disease transmission.
4. Public Health Warnings and Travel Advisories
- Travelers to endemic areas (such as South America, Southeast Asia, and the Caribbean) are advised to take extra precautions due to ongoing outbreaks.
- Health officials recommend mosquito bite prevention strategies for those visiting dengue hotspots.
How to Prevent Dengue Fever
- Use insect repellents containing DEET, picaridin, or oil of lemon eucalyptus.
- Eliminate standing water in flower pots, tires, and containers to prevent mosquito breeding.
- Wear protective clothing, including long sleeves and pants.
- Use mosquito nets and window screens to reduce exposure indoors.
Conclusion
With dengue cases rising worldwide, public health officials stress mosquito control, early detection, and vaccination as key measures to combat the disease. Travelers and residents in dengue-prone areas should take preventive measures to reduce the risk of infection.
