Planning a trip to Peru can be both exciting and a bit overwhelming. The country offers a rich tapestry of history, culture, and breathtaking landscapes. As someone who has traveled extensively through Peru, I’m here to share all the essential details you need to know to make your visit as smooth and enjoyable as possible. Whether you’re exploring ancient ruins, trekking through the Andes, or immersing yourself in the vibrant local culture, this guide covers it all.
Introduction
Traveling to Peru is an immersive experience that demands thorough preparation. To get the most out of your trip, you need to understand the logistical, cultural, and practical aspects of traveling in this South American gem.
Getting There
Flights and Airports
Your journey to Peru will likely begin with a flight landing at one of Peru’s major international airports. Jorge Chavez International Airport (LIM) in Lima is the most common entry point, offering numerous flights from North America, Europe, and other parts of South America. If you’re planning to explore the Andes, consider flying into Alejandro Velasco Astete International Airport (CUZ) in Cusco.
Visa Requirements
Peru offers visa-free entry to citizens of many countries, including the United States, Canada, Australia, and most European nations, for stays up to 90 days. However, always verify the latest visa requirements to ensure you meet all entry conditions.
Best Time to Visit
Peru’s diverse climate means the best time to visit varies significantly by region.
Coastal Regions
For coastal destinations like Lima and Paracas, the summer months from December to April are ideal. Expect warm temperatures and clear skies.
The Andes
The Andes and regions like Cusco and Machu Picchu are best visited during the dry season from May to September. These months offer mild daytime temperatures and clear skies, making trekking more enjoyable. Nights can get chilly, so pack warm clothing.
Amazon Rainforest
Visit the Amazon Basin between May and October. This period, the dry season, offers less rain, increasing your chances of seeing wildlife.
Essential Items to Pack
Clothing
Given Peru’s varied climate, packing layered clothing is essential. Lightweight and moisture-wicking fabrics work well during the day, while warmer layers are necessary for nights in the Andes. A good quality rain jacket is also recommended for unpredictable weather.
Gear
If you plan on hiking, sturdy walking boots are a must. For the Amazon, bring waterproof footwear and insect repellent. A camera, sunscreen, and a reusable water bottle are also essential.
Language and Communication
Spanish and Indigenous Languages
While Spanish is the primary language, you will encounter Quechua speakers in regions like Cusco. Knowing basic Spanish phrases will significantly enhance your travel experience and interactions with locals.
Connectivity
Urban areas generally have good internet coverage. A local SIM card is a practical investment for ease of communication and internet access. Connectivity may be limited in remote regions, so plan accordingly.
Currency and Money Matters
The Peruvian Sol
The currency in Peru is the Peruvian Sol (PEN). Carry both cash and cards, as ATMs are abundant in cities but less so in rural areas. Notify your bank of your travel plans to avoid trouble with card transactions.
Budgeting
While Peru can be affordable, costs can rapidly increase, especially in tourist-heavy areas like Machu Picchu. To manage expenses, consider budget accommodations and eating at local restaurants away from tourist zones.
Safety and Health
General Safety
Peru is relatively safe for tourists, but caution is wise. Keep an eye on your belongings, particularly in crowded places.
Health Precautions
Get recommended vaccinations before traveling. If visiting high-altitude areas, consider medication for altitude sickness. Anti-malarial medication is advisable for the Amazon jungle.
Travel Insurance
Comprehensive travel insurance is highly recommended. It should cover medical emergencies, cancellations, and theft. This precaution can save you a lot of stress and money if unexpected situations arise.
Cultural Etiquette
Local Customs
Peruvians are generally friendly and polite. A handshake and a smile are customary greetings. In indigenous communities, it’s respectful to ask permission before taking photos.
Tipping
While tipping isn’t obligatory, it’s appreciated in restaurants and for tour guides. A 10% tip is adequate.
Must-Visit Destinations
Lima
Lima, the capital, is a blend of history, culture, and culinary delights. Visit the historic center, explore Miraflores, and soak in the bohemian vibe of Barranco. Each district has unique attractions and distinct atmospheres.
Cusco and the Sacred Valley
Cusco, the former capital of the Inca Empire, is a gateway to Machu Picchu and the Sacred Valley. Wander through its narrow cobbled streets, marvel at colonial architecture, and visit historical sites like Qorikancha and the Cusco Cathedral. The Sacred Valley, with its picturesque landscapes and traditional villages, provides a serene contrast to the bustling city.
Machu Picchu
No visit to Peru is complete without seeing Machu Picchu. This ancient Inca city, perched high in the Andes, offers breathtaking views and a fascinating history. Plan your visit in advance, as entry tickets and train rides from Cusco need to be booked ahead of time. Consider hiking the Inca Trail if you’re physically prepared for the challenge. The trek itself is an unforgettable adventure.
Arequipa and Colca Canyon
Arequipa, known as the “White City” due to its stunning white volcanic stone buildings, is another must-visit. The city is home to beautiful churches, bustling markets, and the impressive Santa Catalina Monastery. Nearby, Colca Canyon is one of the world’s deepest canyons and an excellent spot for trekking and observing Andean condors.
Lake Titicaca
Lake Titicaca, the highest navigable lake in the world, straddles the border between Peru and Bolivia. The lake is famous for its floating reed islands, where the indigenous Uros people live. Visiting the islands provides a glimpse into traditional lifestyles that have persisted for centuries.
The Amazon Rainforest
For a unique wildlife experience, venture into the Amazon Basin. Puerto Maldonado and Iquitos are common starting points for jungle tours. Guided tours offer the chance to spot exotic animals, birds, and diverse plant life. Accommodations range from rustic lodges to more luxurious options, ensuring a memorable stay in the heart of the jungle.
Nazca Lines
The Nazca Lines, massive geoglyphs etched into the desert floor, remain one of Peru’s great mysteries. These ancient designs, best seen from the air, include various shapes and figures, some stretching across hundreds of meters. Several tour operators offer flights over the Nazca desert, providing a bird’s-eye view of these enigmatic creations.
Practical Tips for Traveling in Peru
Transportation
Getting around Peru can be an adventure in itself. Long-distance buses are the most economical way to travel between cities, with companies like Cruz del Sur and Oltursa offering comfortable and safe services. Domestic flights are another option, saving time but costing more. In cities, taxis and ride-sharing services are convenient, but always use registered cabs to ensure safety.
Altitude Adjustment
Altitude sickness can affect anyone, particularly in high-altitude areas like Cusco and Puno. To acclimatize, take it easy on your first couple of days, stay well-hydrated, and avoid alcohol. Over-the-counter medications like Diamox can help, but natural remedies like coca leaf tea are also widely used by locals.
Health and Hygiene
While Peru has improved in terms of sanitation, it’s wise to take precautions. Drink bottled or treated water and be cautious with street food. Hand sanitizer is useful in areas where soap and water might not be readily available.
Respect for Local Culture
Peruvians take pride in their heritage and traditions. Show respect by adhering to local customs and demonstrating cultural sensitivity. Dress modestly, particularly when visiting religious sites or rural communities.
Sample Itinerary for a Two-Week Trip
Day 1 – Arrival in Lima:
- Arrive in Lima, transfer to your hotel, and explore Miraflores.
Day 2 – Lima:
- Visit the historic center, Plaza Mayor, and the Larco Museum.
Day 3 – Lima to Cusco:
- Fly to Cusco and rest to acclimatize to the altitude.
Day 4 – Cusco:
- Explore Cusco’s historic sites including Qorikancha and Sacsayhuamán.
Day 5 – Sacred Valley:
- Full-day tour of the Sacred Valley, including Pisac and Ollantaytambo.
Day 6 – Machu Picchu:
- Travel to Machu Picchu via train. Spend the day exploring and stay overnight in Aguas Calientes.
Day 7 – Machu Picchu to Cusco:
- Return to Machu Picchu for sunrise or another exploration. Travel back to Cusco in the afternoon.
Day 8 – Cusco to Puno:
- Bus journey or quick flight to Puno, the gateway to Lake Titicaca.
Day 9 – Lake Titicaca:
- Visit the Uros Floating Islands and Taquile Island.
Day 10 – Puno to Arequipa:
- Travel to Arequipa by bus or plane.
Day 11 – Arequipa:
- Explore Arequipa, including the Santa Catalina Monastery and main square.
Day 12 – Colca Canyon:
- Early morning departure to Colca Canyon. Spend the day trekking and observing the Andean condors.
Day 13 – Colca Canyon to Arequipa:
- Return to Arequipa in the afternoon and enjoy a final evening in the White City.
Day 14 – Arequipa to Lima:
- Fly back to Lima for your departure or spend additional days exploring more of Peru if time allows.
Reflecting on Travel Choices
Environmental Impact
Traveling responsibly is important. Peru is home to diverse ecosystems, and tourism can impact them. Minimize your footprint by choosing eco-friendly accommodations and tours that prioritize sustainability. Support local businesses whenever possible to ensure that tourism benefits local communities.
Ethical Tourism
When visiting indigenous communities and rural areas, ensure your actions are respectful and mutually beneficial. It’s important to engage authentically and resist the urge to treat these visits as mere photo opportunities. Seek out tour operators that have ethical practices and contribute positively to the community.
Personal Reflections
Traveling to Peru offers a blend of profound ancient history and vibrant modern culture. Reflect on your experiences and interactions, recognizing that each moment of your journey contributes to your broader understanding of the world. This reflective attitude can transform your trip from a journey of sights to one of personal growth and cultural appreciation.
Conclusion
Peru is a land of contrasts that will undoubtedly leave a lasting impression on any traveler. From the bustling streets of Lima to the serene heights of the Andean mountains, there’s a diverse array of experiences awaiting you. By preparing thoroughly and embracing the journey with respect and openness, you’ll find that Peru offers some of the most enriching travel experiences imaginable.
