Vietnam is a country that captivates travelers with its stunning landscapes, rich history, and vibrant culture. From the bustling streets of Hanoi to the serene waters of Ha Long Bay, and from the ancient town of Hoi An to the dynamic Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam offers a diverse range of experiences for any traveler. If you’re visiting Vietnam for the first time, this travel guide will provide you with everything you need to know to make the most of your trip.
Chapter 1: Preparing for Your Trip
1.1. Visa Requirements
Most travelers need a visa to enter Vietnam, but the process is straightforward. You can apply for a visa online (Visa on Arrival) or at a Vietnamese embassy or consulate in your country. Make sure to check the specific requirements based on your nationality, as some countries are eligible for visa exemptions for short stays.
1.2. Best Time to Visit
Vietnam’s climate varies from north to south, so the best time to visit depends on the region you’re planning to explore.
- Northern Vietnam (Hanoi, Ha Long Bay, Sapa): The best time to visit is from October to April when the weather is cooler and drier. Avoid the summer months (May to September) due to the hot and humid conditions.
- Central Vietnam (Hoi An, Da Nang, Hue): The best time to visit is from February to May, with pleasant temperatures and minimal rainfall. Avoid visiting during the rainy season from September to December.
- Southern Vietnam (Ho Chi Minh City, Mekong Delta, Phu Quoc): The best time to visit is from December to April when it’s dry and warm. The rainy season lasts from May to November but usually consists of short, heavy showers.
1.3. Vaccinations and Health Precautions
Before traveling to Vietnam, consult your doctor about any vaccinations you might need. Commonly recommended vaccines include Hepatitis A and B, Typhoid, and Tetanus. Malaria is present in some rural areas, so take precautions if you plan to visit these regions. It’s also a good idea to bring a basic first-aid kit, insect repellent, and any prescription medications you may need.
1.4. Currency and Money Matters
The currency in Vietnam is the Vietnamese Dong (VND). ATMs are widely available in cities and towns, and credit cards are accepted in most hotels, restaurants, and larger shops. However, it’s advisable to carry some cash, especially when traveling to rural areas. Exchange rates are generally better at banks or official exchange bureaus than at airports or hotels.
1.5. Language
Vietnamese is the official language, but English is widely spoken in tourist areas, hotels, and restaurants. Learning a few basic phrases in Vietnamese can go a long way in enhancing your travel experience and connecting with locals.
1.6. Packing Tips
What to pack depends on the time of year and the regions you plan to visit. Here’s a general list of essentials:
- Lightweight, breathable clothing for the hot and humid weather.
- A light jacket or sweater for cooler evenings, especially in the north.
- Comfortable walking shoes or sandals.
- A raincoat or umbrella if you’re visiting during the rainy season.
- Sunblock, sunglasses, and a hat to protect yourself from the sun.
- A power adapter (Vietnam uses 220V, and the plugs are generally Type A, C, or G).
Chapter 2: Getting Around Vietnam
2.1. Domestic Flights
Vietnam is a long country, and domestic flights are the quickest way to travel between distant cities like Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. Vietnam Airlines, VietJet Air, and Bamboo Airways are the main carriers offering frequent flights at reasonable prices.
2.2. Trains
Traveling by train is a scenic way to explore Vietnam, especially the route from Hanoi to Ho Chi Minh City (the Reunification Express). Trains are generally comfortable, with options ranging from hard seats to soft sleeper cabins. While slower than flying, trains allow you to see the countryside and are an adventure in themselves.
2.3. Buses
Buses are the most common form of public transportation in Vietnam. There are both local and long-distance buses that connect cities and towns across the country. For longer journeys, sleeper buses with reclining seats are available. However, bus travel can be less comfortable and time-consuming compared to other modes of transportation.
2.4. Motorbikes
Vietnam is famous for its motorbikes, and renting one can be a thrilling way to explore the country. In cities like Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, navigating the chaotic traffic can be daunting, but in rural areas, it’s a great way to discover hidden gems. Make sure to wear a helmet, drive cautiously, and have an international driving permit if required.
2.5. Taxis and Ride-Hailing Apps
Taxis are readily available in cities and towns. Make sure to choose reputable companies like Mai Linh or Vinasun, and insist on using the meter. Ride-hailing apps like Grab are also popular and offer a convenient way to get around, often at lower prices than traditional taxis.
2.6. Bicycles
In smaller towns and rural areas, renting a bicycle is a pleasant way to explore at a leisurely pace. Towns like Hoi An and Hue are particularly well-suited for cycling, with many scenic routes and attractions within easy reach.
Chapter 3: Major Destinations in Vietnam
3.1. Hanoi
Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam, is a city where ancient traditions meet modern vibrancy.
- Old Quarter: This bustling area is the heart of Hanoi, with narrow streets packed with shops, street food vendors, and cafes. Each street is named after the goods traditionally sold there, like Silk Street and Silver Street.
- Hoan Kiem Lake: A peaceful oasis in the middle of the city, Hoan Kiem Lake is a popular spot for locals and tourists alike. Don’t miss the Ngoc Son Temple on a small island in the lake.
- Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum: The final resting place of Vietnam’s revolutionary leader, Ho Chi Minh, is a must-visit. The Mausoleum is part of a larger complex that includes the Presidential Palace and Ho Chi Minh’s stilt house.
- Temple of Literature: This ancient temple is dedicated to Confucius and was Vietnam’s first university. It’s a beautiful and serene place to learn about the country’s educational history.
- Water Puppet Show: A unique Vietnamese art form, water puppetry originated in the rice paddies of the Red River Delta. The shows, accompanied by traditional music, depict scenes of rural life and folklore.
3.2. Ha Long Bay
A UNESCO World Heritage site, Ha Long Bay is famous for its emerald waters and thousands of limestone islands topped with rainforests.
- Boat Cruises: The best way to experience Ha Long Bay is on a boat cruise. Options range from day trips to overnight cruises, with the latter allowing you to explore more remote areas and enjoy activities like kayaking and cave visits.
- Kayaking: Explore the bay’s hidden lagoons and caves by kayak. It’s a peaceful and intimate way to experience the stunning scenery.
- Caves: Ha Long Bay is home to several impressive caves, including Sung Sot (Surprise Cave) and Thien Cung (Heavenly Palace Cave). These natural wonders are filled with stalactites and stalagmites, creating a magical atmosphere.
3.3. Sapa
Sapa is a mountainous region in northern Vietnam known for its terraced rice fields, ethnic minority villages, and stunning landscapes.
- Trekking: Sapa is a trekker’s paradise, with trails that take you through lush valleys, rice terraces, and traditional villages. Popular treks include the hike to Cat Cat Village and the challenging climb to Fansipan, the highest peak in Indochina.
- Ethnic Villages: Sapa is home to several ethnic minority groups, including the Hmong, Dao, and Tay. Visiting their villages offers a glimpse into their unique cultures and traditions. You can also stay in a homestay to experience local life firsthand.
- Markets: Sapa’s markets are vibrant places where locals sell handmade crafts, traditional clothing, and fresh produce. The Bac Ha Market, held on Sundays, is one of the largest and most colorful.
3.4. Hoi An
Hoi An is a charming town on Vietnam’s central coast, known for its well-preserved ancient architecture, lantern-lit streets, and delicious cuisine.
- Old Town: Hoi An’s Old Town is a UNESCO World Heritage site, with a mix of wooden Chinese shophouses, French colonial buildings, and ornate temples. The town comes alive at night when lanterns light up the streets.
- Japanese Covered Bridge: This iconic bridge is one of Hoi An’s most famous landmarks. It was built in the 16th century by the Japanese community and is beautifully preserved.
- Tailor Shops: Hoi An is famous for its tailor shops, where you can have custom-made clothing crafted in just a few days. The town is also known for its silk lanterns, which make for beautiful souvenirs.
- Cooking Classes: Learn to cook Vietnamese dishes with a cooking class in Hoi An. Many classes include a visit to the local market to buy fresh ingredients before preparing the meal.
- Beaches: Hoi An is just a short bike ride away from beautiful beaches like An Bang and Cua Dai. Relax on the sandy shores or enjoy water sports like snorkeling and windsurfing.
3.5. Hue
Hue, the former imperial capital of Vietnam, is known for its historical significance and beautiful monuments.
- Imperial City: The Imperial City is a massive complex surrounded by walls and a moat, modeled after the Forbidden City in Beijing. Inside, you’ll find palaces, temples, and gates that reflect the grandeur of Vietnam’s past.
- Thien Mu Pagoda: This seven-story pagoda is one of the most iconic structures in Hue. It stands on a hill overlooking the Perfume River and is an important symbol of the city.
- Tombs of the Emperors: The tombs of the Nguyen emperors are scattered around Hue and are remarkable for their architecture and serene settings. The most famous are the tombs of Tu Duc, Khai Dinh, and Minh Mang.
- Perfume River: A boat cruise along the Perfume River offers scenic views of Hue’s landscape and stops at several key historical sites.
3.6. Da Nang
Da Nang is a vibrant coastal city known for its sandy beaches, modern architecture, and proximity to cultural sites.
- My Khe Beach: Often referred to as “China Beach,” My Khe is a long stretch of sandy coastline perfect for swimming, sunbathing, and water sports.
- Marble Mountains: These five limestone hills are named after the five elements and are home to caves, tunnels, and Buddhist sanctuaries. Climbing to the top offers panoramic views of the surrounding area.
- Dragon Bridge: This modern bridge is shaped like a dragon and lights up at night with an impressive display. On weekends, the dragon even breathes fire and water!
- Ba Na Hills: A mountain resort accessible by cable car, Ba Na Hills is famous for its Golden Bridge, a pedestrian bridge held up by giant stone hands. The resort also features a French village, gardens, and an amusement park.
3.7. Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon)
Ho Chi Minh City, still commonly known as Saigon, is Vietnam’s largest city and a bustling metropolis full of energy.
- War Remnants Museum: This museum provides a sobering look at the Vietnam War from the perspective of the Vietnamese people. Exhibits include photographs, military equipment, and poignant reminders of the war’s impact.
- Cu Chi Tunnels: Located just outside the city, the Cu Chi Tunnels were used by Viet Cong soldiers during the war. You can explore a section of the tunnels and learn about the underground life during the conflict.
- Ben Thanh Market: A lively market in the heart of the city, Ben Thanh offers everything from fresh produce to souvenirs. It’s a great place to practice your bargaining skills.
- Notre-Dame Cathedral Basilica of Saigon: This French colonial cathedral, built in the late 19th century, is a prominent landmark in the city. Nearby, the Central Post Office is another architectural gem from the same era.
- Saigon Skydeck: For panoramic views of the city, visit the Saigon Skydeck in the Bitexco Financial Tower. The observation deck offers 360-degree views of Ho Chi Minh City and beyond.
3.8. Mekong Delta
The Mekong Delta, known as the “rice bowl” of Vietnam, is a region of rivers, swamps, and floating markets.
- Floating Markets: The floating markets of the Mekong Delta, such as Cai Rang and Cai Be, are a must-see. Vendors sell fruits, vegetables, and other goods directly from their boats, creating a lively and colorful scene.
- Boat Tours: Exploring the Mekong Delta by boat is the best way to experience the region. You’ll pass through narrow canals, visit local villages, and see traditional industries like rice paper making and coconut candy production.
- Vinh Trang Pagoda: Located near My Tho, this beautiful pagoda is a blend of Asian and European architectural styles. It’s surrounded by lush gardens and features impressive Buddha statues.
- Ben Tre: Known for its coconut plantations, Ben Tre is a peaceful area where you can take a boat tour, visit local workshops, and enjoy fresh coconut products.
Chapter 4: Vietnamese Cuisine
Vietnamese cuisine is a highlight of any trip to the country, with its fresh ingredients, bold flavors, and balance of textures. Here’s a guide to some must-try dishes:
4.1. Pho
Pho is Vietnam’s most famous dish, a noodle soup consisting of broth, rice noodles, herbs, and meat, usually beef (pho bo) or chicken (pho ga). It’s typically eaten for breakfast but can be enjoyed at any time of day.
4.2. Banh Mi
A legacy of French colonialism, banh mi is a Vietnamese sandwich made with a crispy baguette filled with various ingredients like pate, cold cuts, pickled vegetables, and fresh herbs. It’s a perfect on-the-go meal.
4.3. Bun Cha
Bun cha is a Hanoi specialty featuring grilled pork served over a bed of rice vermicelli noodles with a side of dipping sauce, fresh herbs, and pickled vegetables. It’s often accompanied by fried spring rolls (nem).
4.4. Cao Lau
Cao lau is a dish unique to Hoi An, consisting of thick noodles, slices of pork, fresh herbs, and crispy croutons, all served in a rich broth. The noodles are said to be made with water from a specific well in Hoi An, giving them a distinct texture.
4.5. Goi Cuon (Spring Rolls)
Goi cuon, also known as fresh spring rolls or summer rolls, are made with rice paper filled with shrimp, pork, vermicelli noodles, and fresh herbs. They’re served with a dipping sauce made from hoisin, peanut, and chili.
4.6. Bun Bo Hue
Bun bo Hue is a spicy beef noodle soup originating from Hue. It has a distinctive lemongrass-flavored broth and is served with beef, pork, and a variety of herbs.
4.7. Com Tam (Broken Rice)
Com tam is a popular dish in southern Vietnam made from broken rice grains. It’s typically served with grilled pork, a fried egg, pickled vegetables, and fish sauce.
4.8. Che (Vietnamese Desserts)
Che refers to a variety of Vietnamese desserts, often made with beans, sticky rice, and fruits in a sweet syrup or coconut milk. They can be served hot or cold and are a refreshing end to a meal.
Chapter 5: Cultural Etiquette and Tips
Understanding Vietnamese culture and etiquette will help you have a more respectful and enjoyable trip.
5.1. Greetings
Vietnamese people greet each other with a slight bow, and a handshake is common in business settings. When meeting someone older or of higher status, show respect by bowing slightly lower.
5.2. Dress Modestly
While Vietnam is relatively relaxed in terms of dress code, it’s important to dress modestly, especially when visiting temples or religious sites. Cover your shoulders and knees, and remove your shoes before entering temples.
5.3. Table Manners
When dining with locals, wait to be seated and don’t start eating until the oldest person at the table begins. Use chopsticks properly, and never stick them upright in your rice bowl, as this resembles incense sticks used in funerals.
5.4. Tipping
Tipping is not mandatory in Vietnam, but it’s appreciated. In restaurants, a tip of 5-10% is customary if the service is good. It’s also polite to tip hotel staff, tour guides, and drivers.
5.5. Respect for Elders
Vietnamese culture places a strong emphasis on respect for elders. Always address older people with titles like “Anh” (brother), “Chi” (sister), “Bac” (uncle/aunt), or “Ong/Ba” (grandfather/grandmother) as a sign of respect.
5.6. Bargaining
Bargaining is a common practice in markets and small shops in Vietnam. Start by offering about half of the initial asking price and negotiate from there. Be polite and friendly during the process, and know when to walk away if the price isn’t right.
5.7. Personal Space
Vietnamese people tend to stand closer to each other during conversations than Westerners might be used to. Don’t be surprised if someone stands close to you or touches your arm while talking.
Chapter 6: Safety and Practical Tips
6.1. Health and Safety
Vietnam is generally a safe country for travelers, but it’s important to take standard precautions:
- Stay hydrated: The weather can be hot and humid, so drink plenty of water, especially when exploring outdoors.
- Food safety: Street food is a highlight of Vietnam, but be cautious about where you eat. Look for busy stalls with a high turnover of food, and avoid anything that doesn’t look freshly cooked.
- Traffic: Traffic in Vietnam, especially in big cities, can be chaotic. Be cautious when crossing streets, and always look both ways, even on one-way streets.
- Scams: Like any tourist destination, Vietnam has its share of scams. Be wary of overly friendly strangers offering unsolicited help, and always agree on a price before accepting any service.
6.2. Connectivity
Wi-Fi is widely available in hotels, cafes, and restaurants across Vietnam. If you need to stay connected on the go, consider purchasing a local SIM card with a data plan. Viettel, Vinaphone, and Mobifone are the main providers, offering good coverage and affordable plans.
6.3. Local Etiquette
- Temples: When visiting temples, dress modestly and be respectful. Remove your shoes before entering, and avoid touching statues or religious objects.
- Photography: Always ask for permission before taking photos of people, especially in rural areas or ethnic minority villages. Some religious sites may also have restrictions on photography.
- Environmental Responsibility: Vietnam’s natural beauty is one of its greatest assets. Help preserve it by disposing of trash properly, using reusable bags, and avoiding single-use plastics.
6.4. Emergency Numbers
- Police: 113
- Fire Brigade: 114
- Ambulance: 115
It’s also a good idea to have the contact information for your country’s embassy or consulate in Vietnam.
Conclusion
Vietnam is a country that offers something for every traveler. Whether you’re drawn to the bustling cities, the serene countryside, the rich history, or the vibrant culture, your journey through Vietnam will be filled with unforgettable experiences. By following this guide, you’ll be well-prepared to navigate the country’s diverse landscapes, connect with its people, and immerse yourself in the beauty and traditions of Vietnam.
Enjoy your adventure in Vietnam!
